ruby基础
#常量PI=3.1415926
puts PI
#PI=500#修改不会出错但会有警告
puts PI
#字符串
str1="skj--k-t"
str2=%q{
sss
ppp
}
str3=%Q{
sss
ppp
}
str4=<<end_str
thehhesd
end_str
puts "abc"*2
puts 120.chr #查询字符的ascii码
puts str1,str2,str3,str4
puts str1.length
puts str1.capitalize
puts str1.downcase
puts str1.upcase
puts str1.reverse
puts str1.swapcase
puts str1.chop
puts str1.next
puts str1.sum
puts str1.sub('k','myname')
puts str1.sub(/.$/,'myname')
puts str1.sub(/^./,'myname')
puts str1.gsub('k','myname')
puts str1.scan(/k/){|letter| puts letter}
puts (str1 =~ /-t$/).to_s+"-------------"
#变量
x=10
y=3
puts x/y
puts x.to_f/y,(x.to_f/y).to_i
puts "#{x}+#{y}=#{x+y}"
#数组
x=[1,2,3,4]
y=['k','j',4]
x<<"word"
print x.length,x.pop,x.length,"\n"
print x.class,"---",x,"---",x[2],"\n"
puts x.join("-")
puts str1.scan(/\w/).join("-")
puts str1.split(/-/).inspect
x.each{|e| print e*2,"-"}
print "\n",x.collect{|e| e*2},"\n"
print x+y,"-",x-y,"-",x.empty?,"-",\
x.include?(1),"-",x.first,"-",x.last,\
"-",x.first(2).join("+++"),"\n"
puts x.reverse.inspect
#散列
dic={"a"=>"first","b"=>"last"}
dic['a']='key'
dic['c']='c'
dic['d']='d'
dic.delete('c')
dic.delete_if{|k,v| k=='d'}
puts dic.size,dic['a'],dic['c'],dic.inspect
dic.each{|k,v| print "\n",k," equals ",v}
print "\n",dic.keys,dic.values,"\n"
#time
puts Time.now
#大数据
puts 10.class#Fixnum
puts 10737418345.class#Bignum
puts 12.5.class
puts 123.integer?
puts 12.3.round #四舍五入
puts 0.zero?
puts 12.to_f,12.3.to_i
puts :fox.class
puts "fox".to_sym
puts :fox.to_s
#范围
print "\n",('a'..'f').to_a
print "\n",('a'..'d').include?('c')
a=[]
a[1..3]=[1,2,3]
print '\n',a[1..2]
#if unless
age=45
puts "没成年" if age<18
puts age>=18?age:"没成年"
if age>50
puts "老啦"
elsif age>18 and age<=50
puts "年轻"
else
puts "没成年"
end
unless age<18
puts age
else
puts "没成年"
end
case age
when 45
puts "老啦"
when 18
puts "年轻"
else
puts age
end
##循环
5.times {|i|
puts "sss",i
puts "jjj"
}
1.upto(5){|i| puts "ss",i}
10.downto(5){|i| puts "jj",i}
0.step(9,2){|i| puts "kk",i}
i=1
puts i=i*2 until i>5
i=0
while i<=5
if i==5
print i,"\n"
break
end
print i,","
i+=1
end
x=0
until x>5
if x==5
print x
break
end
print x,","
x+=1
end
#类 Struct.new(:name,:pass,:age)
class Person
#对象属性(对象变量）相当于get、set方法
attr_accessor:name,:age,:pass
def initialize(name,age=10,pass='')
@name=name
@age=age
@pass=pass
end
end
class Zhong<Person#对象属性的继承
attr_accessor:sex
def initialize(sex,name,age=10,pass='')
@sex=sex
super(name,age,pass)
end
end
#构造函数初始化
p=Zhong.new("女","好美",20,"123")
puts "????????????",p.name
#调用get、set方法
p.name=("ss")
p.sex=("男")
p.age=23
p.pass="ss"
puts p.name
puts p.age()>=24,p.pass().upcase,p.sex(),p.class,\
p.instance_variables.inspect
class Square
#@@count类变量，相当于static变量（但不能直接通过类访问）
def initialize(length,higth=10,name= '')
if defined?(@@count)
@@count=@@count+1
else
@@count=1
end
#对象变量，只关联当前对象如a,b，等同于attr_accessor:length
@length=length
@higth=higth
@name=name
end
#类方法相当于static方法（Square.count，可以直接通过类）
def self.count
@@count
end
#对象方法
#默认是public，可以类对象被继承
def area
return "#{@name} "+(@length * @length).to_s
end
def name
return set_name(@name)+"----"+set_name1(@name)
end
def differ_length(other_square)
self.length-other_square.length
end
def rectangle
print $x,"---------","\n"
return @higth * @length
end
#下面的是私有对象方法，只能该类对象中使用不能被继承
def set_name1(name)
return "my name1 is " + @name
end
private :set_name1
private
def set_name(name)
return "my name is " + @name
end
#下面是protected方法定义，在类中使用而非单个对象即同个类的所有对象
def length
return @length
end
protected:length
end
#全局变量
$x=20
#局部变量
y=1
print y,"\n"
a=Square.new(5,6)
puts Square.count
b=Square.new(10)
puts Square.count
puts a.class
puts a.area(),a.rectangle(),b.area(),b.rectangle()
#继承
class Phone<Square
@number
def initialize(number,length,higth=1,name='')
@number=number
super(length,higth,name)
end
#覆盖继承的方法
def area
#掉用父类的方法
return "第#{@number}个phone "+super.to_s
end
end
c=Phone.new(1,7,"","hello")
d=Phone.new(2,9)
puts c.area(),c.methods.inspect,c.private_methods.inspect\
,c.public_methods.inspect,c.instance_variables.inspect
puts c.name
puts d.differ_length(c)
#protected方法不能这样访问，要在该类中或类对象中访问
#puts d.length
#嵌套类
class Drawing
def self.get_circle
Circle.new
end
class Circle
def what
"this is a circle"
end
end
end
e=Drawing.get_circle
puts e.what
f=Drawing::Circle.new
puts f.what
#结构类
Person1=Struct.new(:name,:sex,:age)
p1=Person1.new("name","n",23)
p2=Person1.new("name1","v",21)
puts p1.age,p2.name
#模块
module ToolBox
def ToolBox.hello
"hello"
end
class Ruler
attr_accessor:length
end
end
module ToolBoxone
def self.hello
"hello"
end
class Ruler
attr_accessor:length
end
end
module ToolBoxtwo
include ToolBox
end
g=ToolBox::Ruler.new
g.length=50
puts g.length,ToolBox.hello()
h=ToolBoxone::Ruler.new
h.length=10
puts h.length,ToolBoxone.hello()
k=ToolBoxtwo::Ruler.new
k.length=39
puts k.length
#Enumerable模块
a1=[1,2,3,4].collect{ |i| i.to_s+"x"}
a2=[1,2,3,4].detect{ |i| i.between?(2,3)}
a3=[1,2,3,4].select{ |i| i.between?(2,3)}
a4=[1,7,10,4].sort
a5=[1,7,10,4].max
a6=[1,7,10,4].min
puts a1.inspect,a2.inspect,a3.inspect,a4.inspect,a5,a6
class All
include Enumerable
def initialize(name)
@@name=name
end
#覆盖原模块方法
def each
@@name.each{|i| yield i}
end
end
l=All.new([1,3,7,9])
puts l.max
class Song
include Comparable
attr_accessor:length,:name
def initialize(name,length)
@name=name
@length=length
end
def > (other)
if @length > other.length
return @name+" 大于 " + other.name
else
return @name+" 不大于 " + other.name
end
end
end
b1=Song.new("song1",24)
b2=Song.new("song2",12)
puts b1>b2,b1.length<b2.length,b1>(b2)
#gem list本地包
#gem query --remote --name-matches mysql查找远程包
#gem install feedtools 安装包
#gem install hpricot --source code.
#gem update
#gem uninstall feedtools
require 'RedCloth'
r=RedCloth.new("this is text")
puts r.to_html
#rdoc base.rb
#:nodoc:all
#:nodoc:
#检测代码执行时间
require 'benchmark'
c=Benchmark.measure {
1000.times{|i| print i}
}
puts '\n',c
#代码优化分析器
require 'profile'
class Calculator
def self.count_sum
x=0
100000.times{|i| x+=i}
end
def self.count_number
x=0
100000.times{x+=1}
end
end
Calculator.count_number()
Calculator.count_sum()
