程序代码：

//头文件 muban.h

#include <iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;

struct student
{
    int id;
    float gpa;
};


template <typename T>
class store
{
    T item;
    int havevalue;
public:
    store();

    T getelem(void);
    void putelem(T x);

};

//实现文件 muban.cpp

#include "muban.h"

template<class T>
T store<T>::getelem(void)
{
    if(havevalue==0)
    {
        cout<<"No item present!"<<endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    return item;

}


template<class T>
void store<T>::putelem(T x)
{
    havevalue++;
    item=x;

}

template<class T>
store<T>::store():havevalue(0)
{}


//主函数 main.cpp

#include "muban.h"
int main()
{
    student g={1000,23};
    store<int> s1,s2;
    store<student> s3;
    store<double> D;

    s1.putelem(3);
    s2.putelem(-7);
    cout<<s1.getelem()<<ends<<s2.getelem()<<endl;
    s3.putelem(g);
    cout<<"the student id is "<<s3.getelem().id<<endl;
    cout<<"retrieving object D  ";
    cout<<D.getelem()<<endl;
    system("pause");

}