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标题:java的自定义注解
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java的自定义注解
[前言:这两天看了一下Java自定义注解的内容,然后按照我自己的理解写了两份代码,还挺有趣的,本文包括三个部分:注解的基础、通过注解进行赋值(结合了工厂方法模式)、通过注解进行校验。](https://jq.)

 

**一、注解的基础**

1.注解的定义:Java文件叫做Annotation,用@interface表示。

2.元注解:@interface上面按需要注解上一些东西,包括@Retention、@Target、@Document、@Inherited四种。

3.注解的保留策略:

  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)   // 注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含

  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS)     // 默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得

  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)  // 注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到

4.注解的作用目标:

  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)                      // 接口、类、枚举、注解

  @Target(ElementType.FIELD)                     // 字段、枚举的常量

  @Target(ElementType.METHOD)                 // 方法

  @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)            // 方法参数

  @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR)       // 构造函数

  @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)   // 局部变量

  @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE) // 注解

  @Target(ElementType.PACKAGE)               // 包

5.注解包含在javadoc中:

  @Documented

6.注解可以被继承:

  @Inherited

7.注解解析器:用来解析自定义注解。

 

**二、通过注解进行赋值(结合了工厂方法模式)**

  **1.自定义注解**

```
package annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Documented
@Inherited
@Target({ ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Init
{
    public String value() default "";
}
```
  **2.在数据模型使用注解**

```
package model;

import annotation.Init;

public class User
{
    private String name;
    private String age;

    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }

    @Init(value = "liang")
    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAge()
    {
        return age;
    }

    @Init(value = "23")
    public void setAge(String age)
    {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
```
  **3.用“构造工厂”充当“注解解析器”**

```
package factory;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import annotation.Init;
import model.User;

public class UserFactory
{
    public static User create()
    {
        User user = new User();

        // 获取User类中所有的方法(getDeclaredMethods也行)
        Method[] methods = User.class.getMethods();

        try
        {
            for (Method method : methods)
            {
                // 如果此方法有注解,就把注解里面的数据赋值到user对象
                if (method.isAnnotationPresent(Init.class))
                {
                    Init init = method.getAnnotation(Init.class);
                    method.invoke(user, init.value());
                }
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }

        return user;
    }
}
```
  **4.运行的代码**

```
package app;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import factory.UserFactory;
import model.User;

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException,
            IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException
    {
        User user = UserFactory.create();

        System.out.println(user.getName());
        System.out.println(user.getAge());
    }
}
```
  **5.运行结果**

liang
23
 

**[三、通过注解进行校验](https://jq.)**

  **1.自定义注解**

```
package annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Inherited;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Documented
@Inherited
@Target({ ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD })
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Validate
{
    public int min() default 1;

    public int max() default 10;

    public boolean isNotNull() default true;
}
```
  **2.在数据模型使用注解**

```
package model;

import annotation.Validate;

public class User
{
    @Validate(min = 2, max = 5)
    private String name;

    @Validate(isNotNull = false)
    private String age;

    public String getName()
    {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name)
    {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAge()
    {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age)
    {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
```
  **3.注解解析器**
```
package check;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

import annotation.Validate;
import model.User;

public class UserCheck
{
    public static boolean check(User user)
    {
        if (user == null)
        {
            System.out.println("!!校验对象为空!!");
            return false;
        }

        // 获取User类的所有属性(如果使用getFields,就无法获取到private的属性)
        Field[] fields = User.class.getDeclaredFields();

        for (Field field : fields)
        {
            // 如果属性有注解,就进行校验
            if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Validate.class))
            {
                Validate validate = field.getAnnotation(Validate.class);
                if (field.getName().equals("age"))
                {
                    if (user.getAge() == null)
                    {
                        if (validate.isNotNull())
                        {
                            System.out.println("!!年龄可空校验不通过:不可为空!!");
                            return false;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            System.out.println("年龄可空校验通过:可以为空");
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        System.out.println("年龄可空校验通过");
                    }

                    if (user.getAge().length() < validate.min())
                    {
                        System.out.println("!!年龄最小长度校验不通过!!");
                        return false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        System.out.println("年龄最小长度校验通过");
                    }

                    if (user.getAge().length() > validate.max())
                    {
                        System.out.println("!!年龄最大长度校验不通过!!");
                        return false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        System.out.println("年龄最大长度校验通过");
                    }
                }
                if (field.getName().equals("name"))
                {
                    if (user.getName() == null)
                    {
                        if (validate.isNotNull())
                        {
                            System.out.println("!!名字可空校验不通过:不可为空!!");
                            return false;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            System.out.println("名字可空校验通过:可以为空");
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        System.out.println("名字可空校验通过");
                    }

                    if (user.getName().length() < validate.min())
                    {
                        System.out.println("!!名字最小长度校验不通过!!");
                        return false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        System.out.println("名字最小长度校验通过");
                    }

                    if (user.getName().length() > validate.max())
                    {
                        System.out.println("!!名字最大长度校验不通过!!");
                        return false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        System.out.println("名字最大长度校验通过");
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return true;
    }
}
```
  **4.运行的代码**

```
package app;

import check.UserCheck;
import model.User;

public class Test
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        User user = new User();
        
        user.setName("liang");
        user.setAge("1");
        
        System.out.println(UserCheck.check(user));
    }
}
```
  **5.运行结果**

```
名字可空校验通过
名字最小长度校验通过
名字最大长度校验通过
年龄可空校验通过
年龄最小长度校验通过
年龄最大长度校验通过
true
```
搜索更多相关主题的帖子: 校验 java public import User 
2020-12-25 13:46
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