char *p[12]= {"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12"};
这样定义和初始化字符串数组
"const char *" 类型的值不能用于初始化 "char *" 类型的实体

"a" 的类型是 const char[2]
"ab" 的类型是 const char[3]
都是常量字符串

所以
const char *p[12]= {"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12"};