程序代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define NUM 5

typedef struct bgMatrix
{
    int v, w;
    char matrix[NUM][NUM];
    int pre;
}Matrix;

typedef struct bgQueue
{
    Matrix* data;
    int maxLength;
    int head;
    int tail;
}BGQueue;
typedef BGQueue* Queue;

typedef struct bgStack
{
    Matrix* data;
    int top;
}BGStack;
typedef BGStack* Stack;

char srcMatrix[NUM][NUM] = 
{
    {'*', '*', '*', '*', '*'},
    {'*', '2', '8', '3', '*'},
    {'*', '1', '0', '4', '*'},
    {'*', '7', '6', '5', '*'},
    {'*', '*', '*', '*', '*'}
};

char dstMatrix[NUM][NUM] = 
{
    {'*', '*', '*', '*', '*'},
    {'*', '1', '2', '3', '*'},
    {'*', '8', '0', '4', '*'},
    {'*', '7', '6', '5', '*'},
    {'*', '*', '*', '*', '*'}
};

int dx[4] = {0, -1, 0, 1};

int dy[4] = {-1, 0, 1, 0};

int cnt = -1;

Queue queue;

Stack stack;

FILE* log;

void bfs(Matrix matrix);

void initQueue(int length);

void putQueue(Matrix matrix);

Matrix getQueue(void);

int isQueueEmpty(void);

int isQueueFull(void);

void initStack(int length);

void pushStack(Matrix matrix);

Matrix popStack(void);

int isStackEmpty(void);

int matrixCmp(char src[][NUM], char dst[][NUM]);

void matrixCpy(char dst[][NUM], char src[][NUM]);

void matrixPrint(char matrix[][NUM]);

void bgOpenLog(void);

void bgWriteLog(const char* s);

void bgCloseLog(void);

int main(void)
{
    Matrix src;
    
    bgOpenLog();
    
    initQueue(3628800);
    initStack(1000);

    src.v = 2;
    src.w = 2;
    matrixCpy(src.matrix, srcMatrix);
    src.pre = cnt;
    
    bfs(src);
    
    bgCloseLog();
    
    getchar();
    
    return 0;
}

void bfs(Matrix matrix)
{ 
    Matrix s, t;
    
    int v, w;
    
    int direction, tmp;
    
    putQueue(matrix);
    
    while (!isQueueEmpty())
    {
        t = getQueue();
        
        if (!matrixCmp(t.matrix, dstMatrix))
        {
            cnt++;
            
            for (direction = 0; direction < 4; direction++)
            {
                s = t;
                v = s.v + dx[direction]; w = s.w + dy[direction];
                
                if (srcMatrix[v][w] != '*')
                {
                    tmp = s.matrix[s.v][s.w];
                    s.matrix[s.v][s.w] = s.matrix[v][w];
                    s.matrix[v][w] = tmp;
                    
                    s.v = v;
                    s.w = w;
                    s.pre = cnt;
                    
                    for (tmp = 0; tmp < queue->tail; tmp++)
                    {
                        if (matrixCmp(queue->data[tmp].matrix, s.matrix))
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (tmp == queue->tail)
                    {
                        putQueue(s);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            pushStack(t);
            
            for (tmp = t.pre; !matrixCmp(queue->data[tmp].matrix, srcMatrix); tmp = queue->data[tmp].pre)
            {
                pushStack(queue->data[tmp]);
            }

            matrixCpy(t.matrix, srcMatrix);
            pushStack(t);

            while (!isStackEmpty())
            {
                t = popStack();
                matrixPrint(t.matrix);
            }

            printf("Hi, BlueGuy");

            return;
        }
    }
}

void initQueue(int length)
{ 
    queue = malloc(sizeof(BGQueue));
    
    queue->data = malloc(sizeof(Matrix) * length); 
    queue->maxLength = length; 
    queue->head = 0;
    queue->tail = 0;
}

void putQueue(Matrix matrix)
{ 
    queue->data[queue->tail++] = matrix; 
    queue->tail = queue->tail % queue->maxLength;
}

Matrix getQueue(void)
{
    Matrix ret;
    
    ret = queue->data[queue->head++];
    queue->head = queue->head % queue->maxLength; 
    
    return ret; 
}

int isQueueEmpty(void)
{
    return queue->head == queue->tail; 
}

int isQueueFull(void)
{
    return ((queue->tail+1) % queue->maxLength) == queue->head;
}

void initStack(int length)
{
    stack = malloc(sizeof(BGStack));
    
    stack->data = malloc(sizeof(Matrix) * length); 
    stack->top = 0; 

}

void pushStack(Matrix matrix)
{

    stack->data[stack->top++] = matrix; 
}

Matrix popStack(void)
{
    Matrix ret;
    ret = stack->data[--stack->top];
    
    return ret;
}

int isStackEmpty(void)
{
    return (stack->top == 0); 
}



int matrixCmp(char src[][NUM], char dst[][NUM])
{
    int i, j, s, t, ret;
    
    char srcString[30] = {0};
    char dstString[30] = {0};
    
    s = 0;
    t = 0;
    
    for (i = 0; i < NUM; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < NUM; j++)
        {
            srcString[s++] = src[i][j];
            dstString[t++] = dst[i][j];
        }
    }
    
    ret = !strcmp(srcString, dstString);
    
    return ret;
}


void matrixCpy(char dst[][NUM], char src[][NUM])
{
    int i, j;
    
    for (i = 0; i < NUM; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < NUM; j++)
        {
            dst[i][j] = src[i][j];
        }
    }
}

void matrixPrint(char matrix[][NUM])
{
    char logTxt[60] = {0};
    
    int i, j, k;
    
    k = 0;
    
    for (i = 0; i < NUM; i++)
    {
        for (j = 0; j < NUM; j++)
        {
            logTxt[k++] = matrix[i][j];
        }
        
        logTxt[k++] = '\r';
        logTxt[k++] = '\n';
    }
    
    logTxt[k++] = '\r';
    logTxt[k++] = '\n';
    
    bgWriteLog(logTxt);
    
}

void bgOpenLog(void)
{
    if(log == NULL)
    {
        log = fopen("log.txt", "wb");
    }
}

void bgWriteLog(const char* s)
{
    fwrite(s, sizeof(char), strlen(s), log);
}

void bgCloseLog(void)
{
    fclose(log);
    log = NULL;
}