Linux的内核在内存管理中处理的最小单位是physical pages

然而处理器的的最小的可寻址的单位是byte 或者是 word

很多32位系统构架都是4k的页，64位则是8k的页

所以对于4k的页，1G的内存就有262144个不同的页

内核通过struct page 结构体来表示每一个页，定义在<linux/mm_types.h>中

程序代码：

/*
 * Each physical page in the system has a struct page associated with
 * it to keep track of whatever it is we are using the page for at the
 * moment. Note that we have no way to track which tasks are using
 * a page, though if it is a pagecache page, rmap structures can tell us
 * who is mapping it.
 */
struct page {
    unsigned long flags;        /* Atomic flags, some possibly
                     * updated asynchronously */
    atomic_t _count;        /* Usage count, see below. */
    union {
        atomic_t _mapcount;    /* Count of ptes mapped in mms,
                     * to show when page is mapped
                     * & limit reverse map searches.
                     */
        struct {        /* SLUB */
            u16 inuse;
            u16 objects;
        };
    };
    union {
        struct {
        unsigned long private;        /* Mapping-private opaque data:
                          * usually used for buffer_heads
                         * if PagePrivate set; used for
                         * swp_entry_t if PageSwapCache;
                         * indicates order in the buddy
                         * system if PG_buddy is set.
                         */
        struct address_space *mapping;    /* If low bit clear, points to
                         * inode address_space, or NULL.
                         * If page mapped as anonymous
                         * memory, low bit is set, and
                         * it points to anon_vma object:
                         * see PAGE_MAPPING_ANON below.
                         */
        };
#if USE_SPLIT_PTLOCKS
        spinlock_t ptl;
#endif
        struct kmem_cache *slab;    /* SLUB: Pointer to slab */
        struct page *first_page;    /* Compound tail pages */
    };
    union {
        pgoff_t index;        /* Our offset within mapping. */
        void *freelist;        /* SLUB: freelist req. slab lock */
    };
    struct list_head lru;        /* Pageout list, eg. active_list
                     * protected by zone->lru_lock !
                     */
    /*
     * On machines where all RAM is mapped into kernel address space,
     * we can simply calculate the virtual address. On machines with
     * highmem some memory is mapped into kernel virtual memory
     * dynamically, so we need a place to store that address.
     * Note that this field could be 16 bits on x86 ... ;)
     *
     * Architectures with slow multiplication can define
     * WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL in asm/page.h
     */
#if defined(WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
    void *virtual;            /* Kernel virtual address (NULL if
                       not kmapped, ie. highmem) */
#endif /* WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL */
#ifdef CONFIG_WANT_PAGE_DEBUG_FLAGS
    unsigned long debug_flags;    /* Use atomic bitops on this */
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_KMEMCHECK
    /*
     * kmemcheck wants to track the status of each byte in a page; this
     * is a pointer to such a status block. NULL if not tracked.
     */
    void *shadow;
#endif
};

flags 里面存储勒页的状态，比如这个页是不是dirty啊，

是不是locked in memory啊

它是用bit flags来表示这些不同的值

flags的值则被定义在了<linux/page-flags.h>里面

程序代码：

enum pageflags {
    PG_locked,        /* Page is locked. Don't touch. */
    PG_error,
    PG_referenced,
    PG_uptodate,
    PG_dirty,
    PG_lru,
    PG_active,
    PG_slab,
    PG_owner_priv_1,    /* Owner use. If pagecache, fs may use*/
    PG_arch_1,
    PG_reserved,
    PG_private,        /* If pagecache, has fs-private data */
    PG_private_2,        /* If pagecache, has fs aux data */
    PG_writeback,        /* Page is under writeback */
#ifdef CONFIG_PAGEFLAGS_EXTENDED
    PG_head,        /* A head page */
    PG_tail,        /* A tail page */
#else
    PG_compound,        /* A compound page */
#endif
    PG_swapcache,        /* Swap page: swp_entry_t in private */
    PG_mappedtodisk,    /* Has blocks allocated on-disk */
    PG_reclaim,        /* To be reclaimed asap */
    PG_buddy,        /* Page is free, on buddy lists */
    PG_swapbacked,        /* Page is backed by RAM/swap */
    PG_unevictable,        /* Page is "unevictable"  */
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCKED_PAGE_BIT
    PG_mlocked,        /* Page is vma mlocked */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_USES_PG_UNCACHED
    PG_uncached,        /* Page has been mapped as uncached */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
    PG_hwpoison,        /* hardware poisoned page. Don't touch */
#endif
    __NR_PAGEFLAGS,

    /* Filesystems */
    PG_checked = PG_owner_priv_1,

    /* Two page bits are conscripted by FS-Cache to maintain local caching
     * state.  These bits are set on pages belonging to the netfs's inodes
     * when those inodes are being locally cached.
     */
    PG_fscache = PG_private_2,    /* page backed by cache */

    /* XEN */
    PG_pinned = PG_owner_priv_1,
    PG_savepinned = PG_dirty,

    /* SLOB */
    PG_slob_free = PG_private,

    /* SLUB */
    PG_slub_frozen = PG_active,
    PG_slub_debug = PG_error,
};