下面的过程说明如何在类中实现事件。第一个过程实现没有关联数据的事件,它将 System..::.EventArgs 类和 System..::.EventHandler 类用作事件数据和委托处理程序。第二个过程实现具有自定义数据的事件,它为事件数据和事件委托处理程序定义自定义类。
有关阐释引发和处理事件的完整示例,请参见 如何:引发和使用事件。
实现不具有事件特定的数据的事件
1.
在类中定义公共事件成员。将事件成员的类型设置为 System..::.EventHandler 委托。
C#
public class Countdown
{
...
public event EventHandler CountdownCompleted;
}
Visual Basic
Public Class Countdown
...
Public Event CountdownCompleted As EventHandler
End Class
2.
在引发事件的类中提供一个受保护的方法。对 OnEventName 方法进行命名。在该方法中引发该事件。
C#
public class Countdown
{
...
public event EventHandler CountdownCompleted;
protected virtual void OnCountdownCompleted(EventArgs e)
{
if (CountdownCompleted != null)
CountdownCompleted(this, e);
}
}
Visual Basic
Public Class Countdown
...
Public Event CountdownCompleted As EventHandler
Protected Overridable Sub OnCountdownCompleted(e As EventArgs)
RaiseEvent CountdownCompleted(Me, e)
End Sub
End Class
3.
在类中确定引发该事件的时间。调用 OnEventName 以引发该事件。
C#
public class Countdown
{
...
public void Decrement
{
internalCounter = internalCounter - 1;
if (internalCounter == 0)
OnCountdownCompleted(new EventArgs());
}
}
Visual Basic
Public Class Countdown
...
Public Function Decrement
InternalCounter = internalCounter - 1
If internalCounter = 0
OnCountdownComplete(New EventArgs())
End If
End Function
End Class
实现具有事件特定的数据的事件
1.
定义一个提供事件数据的类。对类 EventNameArgs 进行命名,从 System..::.EventArgs 派生该类,然后添加所有事件特定的成员。
C#
public class AlarmEventArgs : EventArgs
{
private readonly int nrings = 0;
private readonly bool snoozePressed = false;
//Constructor.
public AlarmEventArgs(bool snoozePressed, int nrings)
{
this.snoozePressed = snoozePressed;
this.nrings = nrings;
}
//Properties.
public string AlarmText {
...
}
public int NumRings {
...
}
public bool SnoozePressed{
...
}
}
Visual Basic
Public Class AlarmEventArgs
Inherits EventArgs
Private nrings As Integer = 0
Private _snoozePressed As Boolean = False
'Constructor.
Public Sub New(ByVal snoozePressed As Boolean, ByVal nrings As Integer)
Me.snoozePressed = snoozePressed
Me.nrings = nrings
End Sub
'Properties.
Public ReadOnly Property AlarmText() As String
...
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property NumRings() As Integer
...
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property SnoozePressed() As Boolean
...
End Property
End Class
2.
声明事件的委托。对委托 EventNameEventHandler 进行命名。
C#
public delegate void AlarmEventHandler(object sender, AlarmEventArgs e);
Visual Basic
Public Delegate Sub AlarmEventHandler(sender As Object, e As AlarmEventArgs)
3.
在类中定义名为 EventName 的公共事件成员。将事件成员的类型设置为事件委托类型。
C#
public class AlarmClock
{
...
public event AlarmEventHandler Alarm;
}
Visual Basic
Public Class AlarmClock
...
Public Event Alarm As AlarmEventHandler
End Class
4.
在引发事件的类中定义一个受保护的方法。对 OnEventName 方法进行命名。在该方法中引发该事件。
C#
public class AlarmClock
{
...
public event AlarmHandler Alarm;
protected virtual void OnAlarm(AlarmEventArgs e)
{
if (Alarm != null)
Alarm(this, e);
}
}
Visual Basic
Public Class AlarmClock
...
Public Event Alarm As AlarmEventHandler
Protected Overridable Sub OnAlarm(e As AlarmEventArgs)
RaiseEvent Alarm(Me, e)
End Sub
End Class
5.
在类中确定引发该事件的时间。调用 OnEventName 以引发该事件并使用 EventNameEventArgs 传入事件特定的数据。
C#
Public Class AlarmClock
{
...
public void Start()
{
...
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(300);
AlarmEventArgs e = new AlarmEventArgs(false, 0);
OnAlarm(e);
}
}