import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
data=[{'period':'2010','ROE':'8.31%'},{'period':'2011','ROE':'9.77%'},{'period':'2012','ROE':'5.8%'},{'period':'2013','ROE':'5.4%'},{'period':'2014','ROE':'2.08%'},{'period':'2015','ROE':'4.00%'},{'period':'2016','ROE':'4.14%'},{'period':'2017','ROE':'2.26%'},{'period':'2018','ROE':'5.02%'},{'period':'2019','ROE':'5.28%'}]
preROE=0
prePeriod=" "    #用于存储上年度的年份
roe=0
length=len(data)
prePeriod=data[0]["period"]
preROE=data[0]["ROE"]
i=1
while(i<length):
    period=data[i]["period"]
    roe=data[i]["ROE"]
    growth=roe-preROE
    growth='{:.2%}'.format(growth)
    print("{}年的净资产收益率比{}年的净资产收益率增加了{}".format(period,prePeriod,growth))
    prePeriod=period
    preROE=roe
    i=i+1



目前运行，会报错TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -: 'str' and 'str'

data是个列表其中带了数个字典，语句prePeriod=data[0]["period"]中["period"]是指针，而字典中period的值是年份，不是指针指向的位置因此这个语句无法实现，如果你要计算比较年份的净资产收益率可以使用更加简单的语句，到时候可以私聊