#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class Book
{
private:
    char bookname[20];
    double price;
    int number;
public:
    Book(char *n,double p,int n2)
    {
        while(*n!=0)
        {
            int i=0;
            bookname[i]=*n;
            n++;
            i++;
        }
        price=p;
        number=n2;
    }

    void display();
    int borrow();
    int restore();
};
void Book::display()
{
    cout<<price;
    cout<<number;

}
int Book::borrow()
{
    number-=1;
    cout<<"当前存书数量";
    return number;
}
int Book::restore()
{
    number+=1;
    cout<<"当前存书数量";
    return number;
}
int main()
{
    char str[10]="abc";
    Book book1(str,10,40);
    book1.display();
    cout<<book1.borrow();
    cout<<book1.restore();
}

还有，怎样在display里除了输出price和number还输出bookname?

“程序不执行”哪来的“结束”？应该是执行完毕后就结束了。
执行完毕后就结束了 是非常正确的行为呀，难道死赖着不走？
请在控制台(cmd.exe)中执行你的控制台程序，如果是VC，请按CTRL+F5运行。

你的代码错误得一塌糊涂

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Book
{
public:
    Book( const char* name, double price, unsigned number )
        : name_(name), price_(price), number_(number)
    {
    }
    unsigned borrow()
    {
        return number_ ? --number_ : number_;
    }
    unsigned restore()
    {
        return ++number_;
    }

private:
    std::string name_;
    double price_;
    unsigned number_;

    friend std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, const Book& book );
};

std::ostream& operator<<( std::ostream& os, const Book& book )
{
    return os << book.name_ << " | "
              << book.price_ << " | "
              << book.number_;
}

using namespace std;

int main( void )
{
    Book b( "abc", 12.3, 2 );

    cout << b << endl;
    cout << "Current number = " << b.borrow() << endl;
    cout << "Current number = " << b.restore() << endl;
}