Huffman编码
// huffman编码.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#define N 50 //叶子结点数
#define M 2*N-1 //树中结点总数
typedef struct
{
char data; //结点值
double weight; //权值
int parent; //双亲结点
int lchild; //左孩子结点
int rchild; //右孩子结点
} HTNode;
typedef struct
{
char cd[N]; //存放哈夫曼码
int start;
} HCode;
//建立Huffman树
void CreateHT(HTNode ht[],int n)
{
int i,k,lnode,rnode;
double min1,min2;
for (i=0;i<2*n-1;i++) //所有结点的相关域置初值-1
ht[i].parent=ht[i].lchild=ht[i].rchild=-1;
for (i=n;i<2*n-1;i++){ //构造哈夫曼树
min1=min2=33267; //lnode和rnode为最小权重的两个结点位置
lnode=rnode=-1;
for (k=0;k<=i-1;k++)
if (ht[k].parent==-1) //只在尚未构造二叉树的结点中查找
{
if (ht[k].weight<min1){
min2=min1;
rnode=lnode;
min1=ht[k].weight;
lnode=k;
}
else if (ht[k].weight<min2){
min2=ht[k].weight;
rnode=k;
}
}
ht[i].weight=ht[lnode].weight+ht[rnode].weight;
ht[i].lchild=lnode;
ht[i].rchild=rnode;
ht[lnode].parent=i;
ht[rnode].parent=i;
}
}
void CreateHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n)
{
int i,f,c;
HCode hc;
for (i=0;i<n;i++){ //根据哈夫曼树求哈夫曼编码
hc.start=n;c=i;
f=ht[i].parent;
while (f!=-1){ //循序直到树根结点
if (ht[f].lchild==c) //处理左孩子结点
hc.cd[hc.start--]='0';
else //处理右孩子结点
hc.cd[hc.start--]='1';
c=f;
f=ht[f].parent;
}
hc.start++; //start指向哈夫曼编码最开始字符
hcd[i]=hc;
}
}
//输出哈夫曼编码
void DispHCode(HTNode ht[],HCode hcd[],int n)
{
int i,k;
double sum=0,m=0;
int j;
printf("输出哈夫曼编码:\n");
for (i=0;i<n;i++){
j=0;
printf(" %c:",ht[i].data);
for (k=hcd[i].start;k<=n;k++){
printf("%c",hcd[i].cd[k]);
j++;
}
m+=ht[i].weight;
sum+=ht[i].weight*j;
printf("\n");
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int n=9,i; //n表示初始字符串的个数
char str[]={'A','S','D','F','G','H','J','K','L'}; //数据
double fnum[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; //权值
HTNode ht[M];
HCode hcd[N];
for (i=0;i<n;i++) {
ht[i].data=str[i];
ht[i].weight=fnum[i];
}
CreateHT(ht,n);
CreateHCode(ht,hcd,n);
DispHCode(ht,hcd,n);
printf("\n");
}