super()语句的应用困惑(知识源至于。成员变量的隐藏和方法的覆盖)
我的代码就是为了试着实现以下的功能: 子类在隐藏了父类的成员变量或重写了父类的方法或,有时还需要用到父类的成员变量,或在重写的方法中被重写的方法以简化代码。程序代码:
class SuperClass{ int x; superClass(){ x=3; System.out.println("in superClass: x="+x); } void doSomething(){ System.out.println("in superClass.doSomething()"); } } class subclass extends superClass{ int x; subclass(){ super(); //call constructor of superClass x=5; System.out.println("in subclass: x="+x); } void doSomething(){ super.doSomething(); //call method of superClass System.out.println("in subclass.doSomething()"); System.out.println("super x="+super.x+" sub.x="+x); } } public class Inheritance{ public static void main(String[] args){ subclass subC=new subclass(); subC.doSomething(); } }课本上给的程序代码:结果编译时出现:
E:\JAVA\Test01>javac Inheritance.java
Inheritance.java:3: 方法声明无效;需要返回类型
superClass(){
^
1 错误
我发现课本给的代码错误好多(自认为,也希望高手指出一些课本上代码的错误之处),于是我运用我所学的知识改成了:
程序代码:
class SuperClass{ int x; void superClass(){ x=3; System.out.println("in superClass: x="+x); } void doSomething(){ System.out.println("in superClass.doSomething()"); } } class SubClass extends SuperClass{ int x; void subClass(){ super(); //call constructor of superClass x=5; System.out.println("in subClass: x="+x); } void doSomething(){ super.doSomething(); //call method of superClass System.out.println("in subClass.doSomething()"); System.out.println("super x="+super.x+" sub.x="+x); } } public class Inheritance{ public static void main(String[] args){ SubClass subC=new SubClass(); subC.doSomething(); } }
结果:
E:\JAVA\Test01>javac Inheritance.java
Inheritance.java:15: 对 super 的调用必须是构造函数中的第一个语句
super(); //call constructor of superClass
^
1 错误
当我把super(); //call constructor of superClass这行注释了,编译通过出现结果:
E:\JAVA\Test01>javac Inheritance.java
E:\JAVA\Test01>java Inheritance
in superClass.doSomething()
in subClass.doSomething()
super x=0 sub.x=0
可是这不是我希望的结果,我希望的结果是:
in superClass:x=3
in subClass:x=5
in superClass.doSomething()
in subclass.doSomething()
super.x=3 sub.x=5
希望高手解释一下:super()等用法: