Linux 0.11 - Linux系统管理

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notice the "I/O Devices". They are connected to the system bus.

All I/O Ports are mapped to a given memory location.

This allows us to use the IN and OUT instructions.

所有的I/O设备都连接到系统总线上。　

所有的I/O 端口也都被映射到某个内存地址上，

所以这使我们能够使用IN 和OUT 命令

if we write a byte to a memory location for a hardware device controller to read,

the processor can signal the device that there are data at that address.

It does this through the Control Bus part of the entire System Bus.

如果我们向内存的某个位置写一个字节让硬件设备控制器来读，

这时处理器向设备发出信号：有数据在那个地址上。

处理器就是通过控制总线来完成的

[ 本帖最后由 madfrogme 于 2012-10-3 23:08 编辑 ]

The quieter you become, the more you can hear

第 22 楼

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关于端口地址
A "Port Address" is a special number that each Controller listens to.

When booting, the ROM BIOS assigns different numbers to these controller devices.

端口地址是一个特别的数字，控制器都会监听这个数字。

机器启动时，ROM BIOS为不同的控制器分配了不同的数字

so controllers have a way to identify themselves.

This allows the BIOS to set up the Interrupt Vector Table,

which communicates to the hardware using this special number.

所以控制器也可以辨认自己了，这使BIOS 可以建立中断向量表。

中断向量表使用这些特别的数字和硬件交流

[ 本帖最后由 madfrogme 于 2012-10-3 23:09 编辑 ]

The quieter you become, the more you can hear

第 23 楼

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以下是引用有容就大在2012-10-2 23:46:55的发言：

表示强烈顶这个中英文对照的发帖方式！

谢了啊，　小段的我还能翻译，大段引用我就见机行事了

The quieter you become, the more you can hear

第 24 楼

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To make starting an OS easy, we will be using a lot of existing parts,

GRUB will be the bootloader, and the kernel will be in ELF format.

GRUB (a Multiboot compliant boot loader) puts the system in to the correct state

for your kernel to start executing.

This includes enabling the A20 line

(to give you access to all available memory addresses)

and putting the system in to 32-bit Protected Mode, giving you access to a theoretical 4GiB of memory.

We will not use a flat binary but a kernel in ELF format,

so that we have a lot of control to tell GRUB where to load which part in memory.

为了能容易的启动OS，我们使用很多已经存在的部件，

包括使用GRUB做为引导程序，内核为ELF格式。

GRUB使系统进入正确的状态，从而使内核能够运行。

这包括开启A20线（使能够访问所有可用内存）；

让系统进入32位保护模式，使能多访问理论上4G的内存；

我们还使用ELF内核而不是平坦的二进制格式内核，

这样我们就可以有更多的控制力来告诉GRUB将内核的哪个部分加载到哪里

[ 本帖最后由 madfrogme 于 2012-10-3 23:48 编辑 ]

The quieter you become, the more you can hear